| CVC reduplication with CV nouns |
| CVC means "Consonant
– Vowel – Consonant,"
but not all nouns fit this mold. A few nouns are just CV
— "Consonant – Vowel." |
 |
ku |
"person" |
|
|
|
| and many more nouns are CV
plus glottal stop: |
|
| |
ya |
"arrow" |
|
|
  tu |
| |
qo |
"pet" |
|
|
| |
tu |
"ear" |
|
|
| The pattern of CVC
reduplication gives these CV nouns a CVC
shape anyway, with these two steps: |
 |
You add h
to the end of the first CV sequence and |
kuhku
|
|
then add glottal stop to the end of the second
repetition of the sequence. |
| |
ku
+ R + > |
 kuhku |
"people" |
| |
ya
ku + R + > |
yahya |
"arrows" |
The pattern comes out exactly the same regardless
of whether the noun you start with ends in a glottal stop or not. Both kuhku
and yahya
end with glottal stop, although the basic word ku
doesn't have one to start with. |
| There are a number of words that sound like they're made of
a reduplicated CV sequence, such as |
| |
pepe |
"older sibling" |
|
| |
koko |
"father" |
|
| |
nono |
"grandfather on mother's side" |
|
| The CVC reduplication of
such words also involves adding h to
the end of the first sequence: |
spehpepe
|
| |
s–pepe
+ R + > |
spehpepe |
"his/her older siblings" |
| |
p–i–koko
+ R + > |
pikohkoko |
"your fathers" (the two of you) |
| |
s–iy–nono + R +
> |
sinohnono |
"their grandfathers" |
| A sequence of liquid plus glottal stop usually
becomes a glottalized liquid. |
| This means that the liquid and glottal stop
seem to change places, since you hear glottal stop before the liquid with
glottalized liquids. This happens within single words |
|
away |
"moon,
month" |
|
 |
| |
tamay |
"to
forget" |
away |
| and also applies as a sound rule when you
assemble the parts of words. |
| |
al–ip
> |
alip |
"one who says" |
|
| |
al–owow
> |
alowow |
"a white one" |
|
| This sound rule applies before CVC reduplication,
so there's no change when CVC reduplication puts a glottal
stop right after a liquid — which could happen with a reduplicated
noun that starts with glottal stop. |
| Notice that the liquid that comes before the
glottal stop has a slightly whispered quality: |
 |
| |
away
+ R + > |
awaway |
"months" |
| |
uwumu
+ R + > |
uwuwumu |
"lots of food" |
| |
onokok
+ R + > |
ononokok |
"lizards" |
ononokok |
| Here are a couple of examples of this process
with the agentive prefix al–,
which can be reduplicated to form a plural: |
 |
| |
al–expe
+ R + > |
alalexpe |
"singers" |
| |
al–aqan
+ R + > |
alalaqan |
"the dead" |
| |
|
|
|
alalexpe |
