Lesson 3  

1 – Vocabulary — Some opposites   6 – Dual marker i–
2 – Vowel plus y and w — 1   7 – Yes/No questions with he
3 – Aspirated consonants   8 – Negative marker ini–
4 – Sound rule re aspirated consonants    
5 – Plural marker iy–    

Vocabulary — Some opposites

  atk "to be alive" alive, to be alive atk dead, to die, be dead
aqan "to die; to be dead"  
        aqan
           
  umaw "to be well, healthy" healthyh, to be healthy umaw sick, to be sick, ill
  yuxpan "to be sick, ill"
yuxpan
       
        to remember tamayto forget
  saxtalaqway "to remember"  
  tamay "to forget"   saxtalaqway
           
  mowon "to be sweet" sour, to be sour iton sweet, to be sweet
  iton "to be sour"  
     
mowon
           
  o "to be wet" wet, to be wet wet, to be wet to be dry
  aqawan "to be dry"
         o aqawan

Vocabulary — Some terms for relations
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Here are two sets of words for members of a core family. The words in this first set don't show up with possessive markers.
hy "man, male"
man, male
woman, female
child, young one
  eneq "woman, female"
  ii "child, young one"
      hy
eneq
ii
The words in this second set refer to the relationships between the individuals.
In normal speech, possessive markers always show up with these terms for relatives. This lesson cites them without possessive markers only to make learning them easier.
  koko "father"
father
child, offspring
mother
  tk "mother"
  itn "child, offspring"
     
koko
itn
tk
The Samala equivalents of "brother" and "sister" refer to age rather than gender.
  pepe "older sibling:  older brother or sister" older sibling: older brother or sister younger sibling: younger brother or sister
  icis "younger sibling:  younger brother or sister"
       
           
The terms for grandparents refer to grandparents on both parents' sides.
  nene "maternal grandmother:  mother's mother"
mother and maternal grandmother
  mama "paternal grandmother:  father's mother"
  nono "maternal grandfather:  mother's father"
  popo "paternal grandfather:  father's father"
tk — nene

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